Acetylcholine | Definition, Function, & Facts | Britannica by-Medicine Library

Acetylcholine:

Tarruf:

Acetylcholine (ACh) ek neurotransmitter hai jo aasabi nizam ke kaam mein ahem kirdar ada karta hai. Yeh cholinergic neurons ke zariye takhleeq kya jata hai aur aasabi khaliyon ke darmiyan aur aasab aur pathon ke darmiyan signal ki muntaqili mein thalisi ke liye synapses mein jari kya jata hai. AC ki pharmacology tibi aur bunyadi tahqeeq dono mein bohat ahmiyat rakhti hai.

Amal ka tareeqa kaar:

 AC do qisam ke receptors par kaam karta hai: Nicotinic aur Muscarinic. Nicotinic receptors neuromuscular junction aur hamdard aur pyrasympathetic aasabi nizam dono ke ganglia mein paye jate hain. Muscarinic receptors humwar pathon, dil aur ghudod ke sath sath markazi aasabi nizam mein waqe hote hain. Jab AC nicotinic receptors se mansalik hota hai, toh yeh ion channels ke khulne aur khaliye ki jhilli ke ghair polarisation ka sabab banta hai, jis se pathon ke skar jate hain. Is ke baraks, muscarinic receptors ko chaloo karne se potassium channels khulte hain, jis se khaliye ki jhilli ka hyperpolarisation hota hai aur pathon ke skrao ko rokta hai.

Dawasazi: 

ACH ko tezi se enzyme acetylcholinesterase (AChE) ke zariye hydrolyze kya jata hai, jo Synaptic cleft mein aur postsynaptic khlyat ki surface par mojood hota hai. Synaptic darar mein AC ki nisf zindagi aik mili second se kam hai. Lihaza, AC ka asar bohat qaleel muddti hai, aur isay ilaaj ke agent ke tor par istemal nahi kiya jata hai. Taaham, aisi dawayen jo ACHE ko rokti hain, jaise neostigmine, AC ke tootne ko rok kar is ke amal ki muddat ko taul deti hain.

Spectrum: 

AC ek neurotransmitter hai jo bohat se jismani amaloon mein shamil hota hai, beshumar pathon ka skrao, dil ki dharakan ka zabita, amal inhizaam, aur ghudod ki ratobat. Lihaza, adwiyaat jo AC ke amal ko tabdeel karte hain un ke ilaj ke istemal ki aik wasi range hoti hai.

Tibbi istemal:

ACI system par kam karne wali dawaiyon ke ilaj ke istemaal matnuwa' mukhtalif hain aur un mein myasthenia gravis, glaucoma, Alzheimer ki bimari, aur Parkinson's ki bimari ka ilaj shamil hai.

Myasthenia gravis:

Myasthenia gravis aik khud kar quwwat-e-mudafiat ka arza hai jis mein nicotinic receptors ke khilaf anti-bodies tayyar hoti hain jis se pathon ki kamzori aur thakaun hoti hai. ACHE inhibitors ki intizamiya, jaise neostigmine, neuromuscular junction par AC ki dastiyabi ko barhakar pathon ki taqat ko barha saktee hai.

Glaucoma: 

Glaucoma aik aisi halat hai jis mein intraocular pressure barh jata hai, jis ki wajah se optic nerves ko nuqsaan pohanchta hai aur binaai ki kami hoti hai. ACHE inhibitors, jaise physostigmine, abi mazaj ke akhraaj ko barhakar intraocular pressure ko kam kar sakte hain.

Alzheimer:

Alzheimer ki bimari dimagh mein cholinergic neurons ke inhitat ki wajah se ilmi af'aal mein tarqi pazeer kami ki khososiyaat hai. ACHE inhibitors, jaise donepezil, cholinergic transmission ko barha sakte hain aur ilmi faal ko behtar bana sakte hain.

Parkinson's:  

Parkinson's ki bimari aik neurodegenerative arza hai jis ki khososiyaat basal ganglia mein dopamine ki kami hai. AC ke mukhalif, jaise trihexyphenidyl, ko basal ganglia mein dopamine aur AC ki sargarmi ko dobara mutawazan karke Parkinson's ki bimari ki alamat ko kam karne ke liye istemaal kya ja sakta hai.

Bura asrat:

Manshiyat ke manfi asrat jo AC ke nizam par kaam karte hain bunyadi tor par muskreenik receptors ki zaroorat se ziyada activation ki wajah se hote hain. In asrat mein dhundla pan, khushk munh, peshab ki rok tham, qabz aur uljhan shamil hain. Is ke ilawah, ACHE inhibitors nicotine receptors ki zaroorat se ziyada activation ki wajah se pathon mein dard aur faskikulishan ka sabab ban sakte hain.

Tazadat:

 Aisi dawaien jo AC ke nizam par kaam karti hain, un mareezon mein in dawaiyon ke liye intehai hasasiat ki tarikh ke sath mutazad hain. Unhein dama, peptic ulcer ki bimari, peshab ki rukawat ke mareezon mein bhi ihtiyat ke sath istemaal kiya jana chahiye.